IELTS Band 9 – Academic Vocabulary (20 items)

The shift from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the universe represents a ________ change in scientific thought.

The treaty’s language was intentionally ________, allowing both nations to interpret the terms to their own advantage.

The philosopher’s later works ________ a complete rejection of the dualism he had earlier advocated.

The ________ of modern capitalism can be traced back to the social and economic changes of the 18th century.

The two disciplines, while seemingly distinct, have a ________ relationship, with ideas from one often influencing the other.

The research findings ________ the need for a more nuanced approach to foreign policy.

Many ancient texts are ________, with multiple layers of meaning that have been debated by scholars for centuries.

His argument was based on a logical ________, mistakenly assuming that because two events occurred together, one must have caused the other.

The committee’s recommendations were seen as a ________ solution that failed to address the systemic issues.

The novel does not follow a linear timeline, but instead uses a series of ________ to tell the story from different points in time.

The ________ of the political landscape has made it difficult for any single party to gain a clear majority.

Her later novels represent a significant ________ from the realist style of her early work.

The company’s failure to adapt to new technology was the ________ of its eventual bankruptcy.

The economic theory is based on the ________ that consumers will always act rationally to maximize their own self-interest.

The legal system must ________ the rights of the individual with the security needs of the state.

His critique of the novel was not a simple summary but a deep ________ of its underlying themes and structures.

The new archaeological evidence serves to ________ the controversial theory about the civilization’s collapse.

The policy was not a direct response to the crisis but rather the ________ of years of careful planning.

The professor’s argument, while elegant, was criticized for being more ________ than empirically grounded.

The politician’s speech was a masterful exercise in rhetoric, designed to ________ patriotic sentiment among the electorate.